In particular, many said they suffered in theweeks immediately before and during menstruation. World-class performers likeFu Yuanhui, a Chinese swimmer, have spoken openly about this, too.
尤其是许多运动员表示，她们在月经前一周和月经当周表现会受到影响。像中国游泳运动员傅园慧这样的世界级运动员也曾公开谈到过这个问题。
And female athletes also report distraction and worry about bleeding while actively menstruating, a matter which made the news recently when a group of activists protested about the all-white dress code at the Wimbledon tennis championships.
女运动员们还表示，她们在月经期间还会因担心出血而分心。最近，一群活动人士抗议温布尔登网球锦标赛的全白色着装要求，这一事件还登上了新闻。
There is, as well, the question of safety.Again, this is poorly researched. An exception, though, is damage to theanterior cruciate ligament (acl) of the knee. Women are much more prone to aclinjuries than men and some studies suggest the level of risk is related to themenstrual cycle.
此外，安全问题也值得关注。而这方面的研究同样很少。不过有个例外，即月经对膝盖前交叉韧带损伤的研究。女性比男性更容易发生前交叉韧带损伤，一些研究表明，其风险水平与月经周期有关。
Given the wide physiological effects ofthat cycle, the neglect of its consequences for sport is stark. The intricatemonthly tango of oestrogen and progesterone, the main hormones which regulateit, has consequences far beyond preparing the body to reproduce.
考虑到月经周期所带来广泛的生理影响，忽视其对运动成绩的影响就显得尤为明显。调节月经周期的两种主要激素雌激素和黄体酮每月都有一次复杂难解的共舞，其影响远不止于让身体为繁殖做好准备。
The complexity of this dance, compared with the hormonal stability of men, is one reason for that neglect. But others are that sport is studied largely by male researchers, and male sport is currently more prominent and better paid.
与男性稳定的荷尔蒙相比，这种共舞的复杂性是造成人们忽视月经周期的原因之一。但还有一些其他原因，比如运动科学的研究人员往往以男性为主，此外男子运动项目目前更受关注、收入也更高。
The menstrual dance is, indeed, complex.For a start, oestrogen is anabolic, building up muscle, while progesterone iscatabolic, breaking it down. Then, at the beginning of the cycle, body cellsprefer to metabolise carbohydrates. Later on, they prefer fats. During theluteal phase, immediately after ovulation, when both hormones are high, thebody is less resilient to stress and more prone to inflammation.
月经之舞确实很复杂。首先，雌激素促进合成代谢，可以促进肌肉生长，而黄体酮则是促进分解代谢，会分解肌肉。然后，在月经周期的开始，身体细胞更喜欢代谢碳水化合物，往后则更喜欢代谢脂肪。在刚排卵后的黄体期，这两种激素水平都很高，身体对压力的适应性较差，更容易发生炎症。
At this point women have increasedappetites, higher internal temperatures, higher resting heart rates and higherrespiratory drive. They also retain water and salt, causing them to put onweight. Their heat tolerance is reduced, too. And their moods and emotionalregulation suffer. Here, then, is fertile ground for quite a few of thosepercentage-point improvements. And that is where menstrual-cycle-savvy coachescome in.
此时，女性食欲增加，体内温度升高，静息心率加快，呼吸驱动力增强。她们的身体还会保留水分和盐分，从而导致体重增加。耐热性也会降低，而心情和情绪调节也会受到影响。因此，这个阶段是将成绩提高几个百分点的绝佳时机，这就是精通月经周期的教练所能发挥作用的地方。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
menstruation [ˌmenstruˈeɪʃn] n. 行经；例假
intricate [ˈɪntrɪkət] adj. 错综复杂的；盘根错节的resilient [rɪˈzɪliənt] adj. 有弹性的；有复原力的
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